In
this difficult economy where stock valuations are questionable, one of
the best investments is real estate. But for many potential buyers, the
problem is coming up with a down payment to make this all-important
purchase. This should not be the case. It is possible to buy a home with
nothing down, meaning no down payment. There are several methods by
which eligible home buyers can minimize or even eliminate down payments.
They include: VA loans, Owner financing, Lease/purchase, House trading,
Job-related federal programs, and State and local government programs.
VA
Loans - The method of purchasing a home with
no down payment that most people are familiar with is through the
Department of Veterans Affairs, or VA. This benefit is available to
active and retired members of the military service, veterans, POW's and
MIA's and their unmarried widows. All branches of the service including
the Coast Guard are eligible. Also members of Selected Reserves or
National Guard who have completed six years may be eligible along with
many with WW II service from the merchant marines, military academies
and others pulled into service for the war effort. Many older veterans
may recall a time when they were entitled to use this benefit only once
in their lifetime. This was changed in 1989. Now, the only existing
stipulation is that an eligible person may use this benefit on only one
house at a time. As with all VA loans, the house must be used as a
primary residence. It may not be a rental home or second/vacation home.
There is no maximum home loan amount. Nothing-down VA foreclosures
available to everyone What many people do not know is that you do not
have to be a veteran to purchase a VA foreclosure with nothing down. VA
foreclosures are available to the general public. Some require nothing
down or just a fee of $500. Although the homes are sold from the VA,
purchasers must obtain conventional or FHA loans unless they are
veterans or active military. VA foreclosures with nothing down or $500
fees can be found among those from banks, lending institutions and
federal agencies.
Owner Financing, Lease-Purchase - If a glut of
unsold homes develops in a market, some sellers -- especially those in a
hurry -- become willing to assist the buyer. There may be additional
pressure on sellers of used homes when they compete with builders in
their areas who fund down payments on new homes. These sellers may agree
to lease-purchase or owner-financing plans. In both cases, purchasers do
not pay down payments to acquire the properties. Although they allow a
home buyer to purchase a home with no money down, these programs can be
good and bad for the purchaser and should be approached with caution. As
with any legal transaction, you should use a standard legal form.
Lease-purchase forms are obtainable at most major office supply stores.
Owner financing contracts are not readily available and will have to be
drafted by an attorney. In the case of lease/purchase agreements, the
seller agrees to a price that he will sell the house for at some future
date and the buyer usually pays a monthly amount several hundred dollars
more than what the home would receive as a rental. Depending on how the
agreement is written, this additional money can be a "down payment"
savings plan. A portion of the additional money can be returned to the
buyer when the house is sold and used as a down payment. If the buyer
decides not to buy the house, all additional moneys are forfeited. If
the buyer decides to complete the transaction, he or she would secure a
mortgage from a lender. These arrangements are similar to those in owner
financing except in that case the seller is the lender. There are two
areas of concern for the buyer with these types of purchasing options.
In both cases, because the buyer is not paying a mortgage company he
does not receive any of the tax deductions for the interest on the house
payments. This may be an acceptable tradeoff for the ability to purchase
a home without a down payment. The second area of concern requires more
judgment. Because the buyer is paying the seller each month instead of a
mortgage company, if the seller were to go bankrupt or lose the home in
foreclosure, the buyer's entire investment might be lost. But on the
flip side, there have been several occasions where persons have entered
into lease-purchase agreements and then found purchasers for the homes
at amounts much greater than the selling prices contractually agreed
upon. The lessees bought the houses from the sellers and then resold the
houses for a large profit in the same day.
House Trading, Lines of Credit - Many
professional investors acquire homes with no money down by trading one
property for another. In some cases, they trade one large property for
several smaller rental properties. Or they trade houses in different
cities to acquire a vacation or retirement home. Property trading is
also a legal way to avoid the capital gains associated with selling a
property. Another way to acquire a property with no money down may be
with a line of credit secured by the equity in another property. This
allows the homeowner to purchase another property using the accumulated
equity in a home without selling the original property.
HUD - The Office of Housing and Urban
Development (HUD) offers special financing for first-time home buyers.
This program is based upon need and is designed to allow low-income
families to obtain their first home without a significant down payment
or closing fees. Also, many HUD foreclosure homes require no down
payments.
Job-Related Federal Programs - The federal
government also has programs to help farmers and police personnel
acquire homes with nothing down. For those with limited income who wish
to live in rural areas, the Rural Economic and Community Development
Administration offers farmers home loans with nothing down. Monthly
payments may be subsidized and the interest can be as low as 1 percent.
To encourage police to occupy homes in crime-targeted areas, special
federal programs permit police officers to purchase homes in selected
areas with nothing down. Information is available to law enforcement
officers through their places of employment.
Local Programs - Some states, counties and
cities offer programs that can eliminate down payments. Often,
prospective home buyers must meet income requirements, hold certain
jobs, be a first-time buyer or agree to buy in a specific area. It can
take some sleuthing to find such programs. Start with your state's
housing agency. Your county or city also may have a housing agency. With
so many methods available to obtain homes with little or no down
payment, the goal of home ownership should be achievable by almost
everyone who desires it.
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